Voluntary medical male circumcision vmmc is the complete removal of the foreskin of the penis by surgical means. Voluntary medical male circumcision for hiv prevention key points voluntary medical male circumcision vmmc reduces femaleto male sexual transmission of hiv by 60%. Voluntary medical male circumcision may costeffectively. The effectiveness of vmmc scaleup, especially in combination with other hiv prevention services, has empirically been shown to be associated with reductions in communitylevel hiv incidence 6, 7. An estimated nine million vmmcs have been undertaken since 2007 in eastern and southern africa.
Scaleup of voluntary medical male circumcision services for hiv prevention 12 countries in southern and eastern africa, 202016. The cutting edge voluntary medical male circumcision in zimbabwe. Voluntary medical male circumcision vmmc reduces the risk of acquiring human immunodeficiency virus hiv by up to 60%. The emerging health impact of voluntary medical male circumcision. Who voluntary medical male circumcision for hiv prevention. Pdf support for voluntary medical male circumcision. Despite increased support for voluntary medical male circumcision vmmc to reduce hiv incidence, current vmmc progress falls short. Presidents emergency plan for aids relief pepfar 3. Voluntary medical male circumcision vmmc reduces femaletomale sexual. December 3, 2014 by medical male circumcision is a onetime health intervention that provides men with lifelong partial protectionn against hiv. Vmmc programs also increase mens opportunities to seek health caremost importantly, hiv testing services.
The consultation, held in march 2007, led to 11 conclusions containing 43 recommendations for voluntary medical male circumcision vmmc for hiv prevention. Botswana, ethiopia, kenya, lesotho, malawi, mozambique, namibia, rwanda, south africa, swaziland, tanzania, uganda, zambia and zimbabwe. For instance mc is nearly universal in north africa and much of west africa unaids, 2012. While a staggered rollout of voluntary medical adult male circumcision vmamc for hiv prevention has been initiated, traditional male circumcision tmc and noncircumcision are important signifiers of cultural identity and masculinity in south africa. In zimbabwe, the varemba are among the few ethnic groups that practice. Strategies for meeting the human resource needs of scaleup in southern and eastern africa kelly curran1,2, emmanuel njeuhmeli3, andrew mirelman2, kim dickson4, tigistu adamu1, peter cherutich5, hally mahler6, bennett fimbo7, thembisile khumalo mavuso8, jennifer albertini3, laura fitzgerald9, naomi bock10, jason reed10, delivette. Voluntary medical male circumcision vmmc was introduced in zimbabwe in 2009 with the aim of circumcising 1 200 000 men between 15 and 29 years by the year 2015. In 2009, zimbabwe adopted voluntary medical male circumcision vmmc as an additional hiv prevention strategy to the existing abc behavior change model. Mathematical modeling suggests that circumcising 80% of the male population aged 1549 in these countries by 2015 and sustaining this coverage level thereafter could avert 430,000 new hiv infections by. Methods three mathematical models describing zimbabwes hiv epidemic and program evolution were calibrated to household survey data on prevalence and risk behaviors.
Voluntary medical male circumcision for hiv prevention in 14 priority countries in eastern and southern africa july 2017 progress brief who progress brief delivery of vmmc services has stimulated innovative workforce solutions, such as training large numbers of nonphysician clinicians on this minor surgical procedure and. Voluntary medical male circumcision for hiv prevention key points voluntary medical male circumcision vmmc reduces femaletomale sexual transmission of hiv by 60%. Strategies for meeting the human resource needs of scaleup in southern and eastern africa kelly curran1,2, emmanuel njeuhmeli3, andrew mirelman2, kim dickson4, tigistu adamu1, peter. As part of a larger study, repeat semistructured interviews with 30 adult men. Progress in voluntary medical male circumcision for hiv. Voluntary medical male circumcision for hiv prevention avert. Jul 05, 2016 but the voluntary medical male circumcision vmmc programme in zimbabwe has been so successful that nearly 600 000 adolescent and adult men have been medically circumcised since it was started in 2009. Experiences from zimbabwes voluntary medical male circumcision program background in 2015, the u. This is particularly true in zimbabwe, where male circumcision is not part of the cultural norm. Fourteen priority countries with this profile are striving to scale up voluntary medical male circumcision. Zimbabwe found the decision about whether to give consent for a male infant to. The voluntary medical male circumcision vmmc program in zimbabwe aims to circumcise 80% of males aged 29 by 2017.
Studies from 2006 showed that it reduces a mans risk of acquiring hiv from a female partner by up to 60 percent, increasing to around 75 percent over time. Pdf voluntary medical male circumcision vmmc in tanzania. As the science demonstrating strong evidence for voluntary medical male circumcision vmmc for hiv prevention has evolved, the presidents emergency plan for aids relief pepfar has collaborated with international agencies, donors, and partner country governments supporting vmmc programming. Social representations of male circumcision as prophylaxis. Aside from the initial pain of the anesthesia shot, kakere lay still on the operating table during the relatively painless procedure. Voluntary medical male circumcision for hiv prevention. Joint strategic action framework to accelerate the scale. Medical male circumcision reduces the risk of femaleto male sexual transmission of hiv by approximately 60%. Thirteen eastern and southern african countries are currently scalingup voluntary medical male circumcision vmmc as part of a comprehensive hiv prevention strategy. Male circumcision mc is common in many african countries. Medical male circumcision was introduced in zimbabwe in 2009 as an additional hiv prevention method. Voluntary medical male circumcision vmmc reduces femaleto male sexual transmission of hiv by 60%.
Voluntary medical male circumcision vmmc is a highly effective and costeffective intervention to reduce femaleto male human immunodeficiency virus hiv transmission. Incorporating voluntary medical male circumcision into traditional. Among the priority countries for vmcc scale up, zimbabwe has the potential to avert the highest proportion of new hiv infections with vmcc. Factors associated with uptake of voluntary medical male. Medical male circumcision has become a significant dimension of hiv prevention interventions, after the results of three. Zimbabwe has one of the highest hiv prevalence rates in the world, currently estimated at 15. Voluntary medical male circumcision vmmc reduces the risk for heterosexually acquired hiv infection among males by approximately 60% 1. Background zimbabwe adopted voluntary medical male circumcision vmmc as a priority hiv prevention strategy in 2007 and began implementation in 2009. Employing voluntary medical male circumcision vmmc within traditional settings. Zimbabwe reaches one million men with voluntary medical male. Implementing voluntary medical male circumcision using an innovative, integrated, health systems approach. Voluntary medical male circumcision could impact zimbabwes hiv epidemic in the coming years, and this investment may save costs in the longer term. Voluntary medical male circumcision vmmc programme archives.
Service delivery intensity and modality and their influence on the age of clients. Zimbabwe reaches one million men with voluntary medical. Voluntary medical male circumcision for more information, contact. Objective this article provides an overview and interpretation of the performance of the us presidents emergency plan for aids reliefs pepfars male circumcision programme which has supported the majority of voluntary medical male circumcisions vmmcs performed for hiv prevention, from its 2007 inception to 2017, and client characteristics in 2017. The cutting edge voluntary medical male circumcision in. Scaleup of voluntary medical male circumcision services.
Voluntary medical male circumcision vmmc in tanzania and zimbabwe. Scaling up voluntary medical male circumcision for human. Jul 18, 2018 voluntary medical male circumcision vmmc could impact zimbabwe s hiv epidemic in the coming years, and this investment may save costs in the longer term. A reevaluation of the voluntary medical male circumcision. The circumcision is done at static or outreach sites. Male circumcision and risky sexual behavior in zimbabwe.
Slow progress in vmmc expansion may be partially attributed to emphasis on vertical standalone over more integrated implementation models that are more responsive to local needs. Medical male circumcision for hiv prevention offers excellent value for money. Voluntary medical male circumcision uptake through soccer. Age specific barriers and motivators to vmmc zimbabwe.
Since the whounaids recommendation in 2007 that medical male circumcision be considered an additional method of hiv prevention and should be rapidly scaled up in countries with low prevalence of circumcision and high prevalence of hiv, there has been considerable investment in implementing voluntary medical male circumcision vmmc. Interventions to drive uptake of voluntary medical male. Paying nothing for his circumcision because voluntary medical male circumcision is an hivprevention procedure, amos kakere underwent the relatively quick procedure inside the airconditioned field clinic. Voluntary medical male circumcision vmmc reduces femaletomale sexual transmission of hiv by 60%. Since 2007, who and unaids have recommended voluntary medical male circumcision as an additional important strategy for hiv prevention, particularly in settings with high hiv prevalence and low levels of male circumcision, where the public health benefits will be maximized. As the science demonstrating strong evidence for voluntary medical male circumcision vmmc for hiv prevention has evolved, the.
Voluntary medical male circumcision vmmc in tanzania. We evaluated the costs and impact of this vmmc program to date and in future. Scaling up voluntary medical male circumcision vmmc to 80% of men aged 1549 within five years could avert 3. Namibia adopted the vmmc voluntary medical male circumcision strategy in 2009 but the strategic implementation plan was commenced in. Voluntary medical male circumcision for hiv prevention in. But the voluntary medical male circumcision vmmc programme in zimbabwe has been so successful that nearly 600 000 adolescent and adult men have been medically circumcised since it was started in 2009. Scaleup of voluntary medical male circumcision services for. Voluntary medical male circumcision vmmc is a highly effective and costeffective intervention to reduce femaletomale human immunodeficiency virus hiv transmission. Age differences in perceptions of and motivations for. Since then researchers have been preoccupied with establishing the level of knowledge and acceptability of circumcision in. The international initiative for impact evaluation 3ie is an international.
Launch of zimbabwe voluntary medical male circumcision. Understanding and addressing the barriers and motivators to vmcc predictors for uptake of voluntary medical. Dec 03, 2014 what are the benefits of voluntary medical male circumcision. This study used the male circumcision decision makers program planning tool to predict the cost and impact of scaling up voluntary male medical circumcision vmmc in countries in eastern and southern africa where vmmc is considered a priority botswana, lesotho, malawi, mozambique, namibia, rwanda, south africa, swaziland, tanzania, uganda, zambia, zimbabwe, and nyanza province in kenya. Service delivery intensity and modality and their influence on the age of clients tigistu adamu ashengo1,2, karin hatzold3, hally mahler4, amelia rock5, natasha kanagat5, sophia magalona5, kelly curran1,2, alice christensen1, delivette castor6, owen mugurungi7. As such, it is an essential component of the joint united nations programme on hivaids. Bochner, abby stepaniaka, robert nyangaa, sinokuthemba xabad, peter h. Joint strategic action framework to accelerate the scaleup of voluntary medical male circumcision for hiv prevention in eastern and southern africa rationale scaleup of early infant, adolescent and adult voluntary medical male circumcision is critically important to reduce the future burden of hiv in eastern and southern africa. The world health organisation recommended the scaleup of voluntary medical male circumcision vmmc as an additional hiv prevention method in 2007 and several countries with high hiv prevalence rates including zimbabwe have since adopted the procedure. Apart from reducing hiv infection, male circumcision decreases the risk of urinary tract infections. The emerging health impact of voluntary medical male. Voluntary medical male circumcision, or vmmc, is extremely effective in preventing new hiv infections and curbing the hiv epidemic.
Zimbabwe has recorded a very low uptake of the voluntary medical male circumcision vmmc and the country is failing to meet targets set every year, the health and child care ministry has said. Pdf factors associated with uptake of voluntary medical. Voluntary medical male circumcision uptake through soccer in. Voluntary medical male circumcision vmmc in tanzania and. Methods three mathematical models describing zimbabwes hiv epidemic and program evolution were calibrated to household survey data on prevalence and risk. Voluntary medical male circumcision vmmc could impact zimbabwes hiv epidemic in the coming years, and this investment may save costs in. These two important milestones are an indication of the leadership in the area of hiv prevention that. This reference guide synthesizes highimpact practices, resources and tools, and lessons learned for vmmc practitioners at all levels. Implementing voluntary medical male circumcision using an. Vmmc can substantially impact zimbabwes hiv epidemic in the. This study sought to investigate support for the rollout of voluntary medical male circumcision vmmc and mens willingness to get. Medical male circumcision is a onetime health intervention that provides men with lifelong partial protectionn against hiv. Voluntary medical male circumcision uptake through soccer in zimbabwe.
Since 2009, tanzania and zimbabwe have rapidly expanded vmmc services. Scaling up vmmc for hiv prevention is thus critical to combination prevention strategies for saving. The procedure is offered free of charge at designated public hospitals and health. Voluntary medical male circumcision jeff decelles zak kaufman kenneth bhauti rebecca hershow helen weiss cynthia chaibva netsai moyo elise braunschweig fennie mantula karin hatzold david ross hiv and aids uptake through soccer in zimbabwe october 2016. Pdf the emerging health impact of voluntary medical male. Njeuhmeli e, forsythe s, reed j, opuni m, bollinger l, et al. Vmmc is costeffective and should be included, alongside behavioural and structural strategies, as part of a.
The emerging health impact of voluntary medical male circumcision in zimbabwe. The who and unaids recommend the implementation of vmmc programmes in countries with a high hiv prevalence among the general population. Voluntary medical male circumcision vmmc is one program facing such a challenge in eliciting uptake of services among large numbers of men and boys. Zimbabwe adopted voluntary medical male circumcision vmmc as a priority. The campaign for scaling up vmmc for hiv prevention focuses on men from the age of who are hivnegative. Voluntary medical male circumcision vmmc reduces the.
Last week at a function held in harare, zimbabwe celebrated reaching one million men for voluntary medical male circumcision vmmc and the launch of the preexposure prophylaxis prep strategy. Voluntary medical male circumcision vmmc programme. Study of men between 15 to 49 years at rundu state hospital ntombizodwa makurira nyoni1, sikukumwa ellion2 1department of health sciences, zimbabwe open university, harare, zimbabwe 2faculty of education, department of mathematics and science, university of namibia, windhoek, namibia. Zimbabwe mixes medicine and tradition for safer circumcision. What are the benefits of voluntary medical male circumcision. The cutting edge voluntary medical male circumcision in zimbabwe dr karin hatzold, deputy director clinical and biomedical interventions population services international. Looking at voluntary medical male circumcision in the field. Pdf background zimbabwe adopted voluntary medical male circumcision vmmc as a priority hiv prevention strategy in 2007 and began implementation in. In 2009, zimbabwe adopted voluntary medical male circumcision vmmc as an additional hiv prevention. It is recommended in countries with high hiv prevalence and low levels of male circumcision 7, 8.
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